The power grid serves as the backbone of the electrical power system, and undertakes large-scale electricity transmission, distribution, and dispatch.

Core requirements include ultra-high reliability, safety, stability, and addressing challenges such as long-distance power transmission, voltage fluctuations, reactive power balance, and ground fault protection. Strict compliance with regulatory standards is mandatory.

 Renewable energy generation (wind and solar) exhibits intermittency, variability, and distributed characteristics. Core requirements include efficient grid integration, power quality assurance, voltage stability control, reliable internal power supply for stations, and system grounding safety. Key challenges involve addressing harmonics, voltage flicker, power fluctuations, and weak grid interconnection.

Industrial and mining facilities (e.g., metallurgical, chemical, mining, manufacturing, data centers, large commercial complexes) typically feature highly variable loads, significant load impacts, elevated harmonic distortion, and stringent requirements for power continuity and quality. Core demands include production safety assurance, equipment efficiency improvement, energy consumption reduction, outage loss minimization, sensitive equipment protection, and grounding safety compliance.